液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分為傳動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 完整的(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)由動力設備、執(zhi)行器、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)設備、輔助設備(附件)、液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)五部分組(zu)成。 液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)分為兩種：液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳動以(yi)傳遞動力和運(yun)動為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)。 液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)必須使液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)輸出滿足(zu)特(te)定的(de)性能(neng)要(yao)(yao)求，特(te)別是動態性能(neng)，一般來說液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)指(zhi)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳動系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。 液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)傳動的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)作用是傳遞動力和運(yun)動，輸送液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)，液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)進(jin)入(ru)油(you)缸(gang)(gang)室內，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)油(you)缸(gang)(gang)桿的(de)伸縮，執(zhi)行各(ge)種動作。
如圖所(suo)示(shi)，氣缸右側部分的帶活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)的為活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)室(shi)，另一(yi)個(ge)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)室(shi)沒有活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)室(shi)。 液壓(ya)油進(jin)入(ru)無(wu)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)室(shi)后，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)被推出(chu)。 液壓(ya)油進(jin)入(ru)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)室(shi)后，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)返回。
上面的照(zhao)片是最簡單的液壓系統(tong)(或液壓泵站(zhan))，油(you)泵電機等作(zuo)為動力源將油(you)輸(shu)送到(dao)油(you)缸，電磁閥起到(dao)轉換(huan)方(fang)向的作(zuo)用，拉(la)伸和縮回(hui)油(you)缸桿。
各部件的作用
氣缸：執行元件
電磁(ci)切換閥：用于在液體通(tong)道系(xi)統中實現液體通(tong)道的(de)開(kai)閉或液流方向(xiang)的(de)變更(geng)。
節流(liu)閥：通過(guo)改(gai)變節流(liu)截面(mian)或節流(liu)長度來控制流(liu)體流(liu)量
壓(ya)力(li)管(guan)路過(guo)濾器：去除或阻擋異(yi)物，防止(zhi)設備磨損或粘連
溢流閥(fa)：恒壓(ya)溢流閥(fa)、穩定(ding)化、系統卸載(zai)和安全保護(hu)作(zuo)用
油(you)泵：將原動機的機械能(neng)轉換為(wei)液(ye)壓能(neng)源(yuan)
電機：動力源
三(san)種(zhong)常見(jian)液壓(ya)閥的動(dong)畫
單向閥
液動切換閥
手動切換閥
3位5通方向切換閥
三個四通換向閥
二位二通閥
溢流閥
減壓閥
順序閥
節流閥
速度控制器
機器人(ren)伸(shen)縮伺服機構(gou)
插裝閥
